Another of my personal interests is chemistry so I thought I’d start by listing all currently known elements in the universe, together with the year they were discovered and the individual who made the discovery. This is the complete list of all elements currently recognized on the periodic table.
Hydrogen (H) – 1766 (Henry Cavendish)
Helium (He) – 1868 (Pierre Janssen & Norman Lockyer; isolated in 1895 by William Ramsay)
Lithium (Li) – 1817 (Johan August Arfvedson)
Beryllium (Be) – 1798 (Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin)
Boron (B) – 1808 (Humphry Davy, Gay-Lussac & Thénard)
Carbon (C) – Known since antiquity
Nitrogen (N) – 1772 (Daniel Rutherford)
Oxygen (O) – 1774 (Joseph Priestley & Carl Wilhelm Scheele independently)
Fluorine (F) – 1886 (Henri Moissan)
Neon (Ne) – 1898 (William Ramsay & Morris Travers)
Sodium (Na) – 1807 (Humphry Davy)
Magnesium (Mg) – 1808 (Humphry Davy)
Aluminum (Al) – 1825 (Hans Christian Ørsted)
Silicon (Si) – 1824 (Jöns Jakob Berzelius)
Phosphorus (P) – 1669 (Hennig Brand)
Sulfur (S) – Known since antiquity
Chlorine (Cl) – 1774 (Carl Wilhelm Scheele)
Argon (Ar) – 1894 (Lord Rayleigh & William Ramsay)
Potassium (K) – 1807 (Humphry Davy)
Calcium (Ca) – 1808 (Humphry Davy)
Scandium (Sc) – 1879 (Lars Fredrik Nilson)
Titanium (Ti) – 1791 (William Gregor)
Vanadium (V) – 1801 (Andrés Manuel del Río)
Chromium (Cr) – 1797 (Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin)
Manganese (Mn) – 1774 (Johan Gottlieb Gahn)
Iron (Fe) – Known since antiquity
Cobalt (Co) – 1735 (Georg Brandt)
Nickel (Ni) – 1751 (Axel Fredrik Cronstedt)
Copper (Cu) – Known since antiquity
Zinc (Zn) – Known since antiquity (first isolated in 1746 by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf)
Gallium (Ga) – 1875 (Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran)
Germanium (Ge) – 1886 (Clemens Winkler)
Arsenic (As) – Known since antiquity
Selenium (Se) – 1817 (Jöns Jakob Berzelius)
Bromine (Br) – 1826 (Antoine Jérôme Balard)
Krypton (Kr) – 1898 (William Ramsay & Morris Travers)
Rubidium (Rb) – 1861 (Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhoff)
Strontium (Sr) – 1790 (Adair Crawford)
Yttrium (Y) – 1794 (Johan Gadolin)
Zirconium (Zr) – 1789 (Martin Heinrich Klaproth)
Niobium (Nb) – 1801 (Charles Hatchett)
Molybdenum (Mo) – 1778 (Carl Wilhelm Scheele)
Technetium (Tc) – 1937 (Carlo Perrier & Emilio Segrè)
Ruthenium (Ru) – 1844 (Karl Ernst Claus)
Rhodium (Rh) – 1803 (William Hyde Wollaston)
Palladium (Pd) – 1803 (William Hyde Wollaston)
Silver (Ag) – Known since antiquity
Cadmium (Cd) – 1817 (Friedrich Stromeyer)
Indium (In) – 1863 (Ferdinand Reich & Hieronymous Theodor Richter)
Tin (Sn) – Known since antiquity
Antimony (Sb) – Known since antiquity (recognized as an element in the Middle Ages)
Tellurium (Te) – 1782 (Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein)
Iodine (I) – 1811 (Bernard Courtois)
Xenon (Xe) – 1898 (William Ramsay & Morris Travers)
Cesium (Cs) – 1860 (Robert Bunsen & Gustav Kirchhoff)
Barium (Ba) – 1808 (Humphry Davy)
Lanthanum (La) – 1839 (Carl Gustaf Mosander)
Cerium (Ce) – 1803 (Martin Heinrich Klaproth & Jöns Jakob Berzelius)
Praseodymium (Pr) – 1885 (Carl Auer von Welsbach)
Neodymium (Nd) – 1885 (Carl Auer von Welsbach)
Promethium (Pm) – 1945 (Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin, & Charles D. Coryell)
Samarium (Sm) – 1879 (Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran)
Europium (Eu) – 1901 (Eugène-Anatole Demarçay)
Gadolinium (Gd) – 1880 (Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac)
Terbium (Tb) – 1843 (Carl Gustaf Mosander)
Dysprosium (Dy) – 1886 (Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran)
Holmium (Ho) – 1878 (Marc Delafontaine & Jacques-Louis Soret)
Erbium (Er) – 1843 (Carl Gustaf Mosander)
Thulium (Tm) – 1879 (Per Teodor Cleve)
Ytterbium (Yb) – 1878 (Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac)
Lutetium (Lu) – 1907 (Georges Urbain & Carl Auer von Welsbach)
Hafnium (Hf) – 1923 (Dirk Coster & George de Hevesy)
Tantalum (Ta) – 1802 (Anders Ekeberg)
Tungsten (W) – 1783 (Juan José & Fausto Elhuyar)
Rhenium (Re) – 1925 (Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, & Otto Berg)
Osmium (Os) – 1803 (Smithson Tennant)
Iridium (Ir) – 1803 (Smithson Tennant)
Platinum (Pt) – Known since antiquity
Gold (Au) – Known since antiquity
Mercury (Hg) – Known since antiquity
Thallium (Tl) – 1861 (William Crookes)
Lead (Pb) – Known since antiquity
Bismuth (Bi) – Known since antiquity (confirmed as an element in 1753)
Polonium (Po) – 1898 (Marie Curie & Pierre Curie)
Astatine (At) – 1940 (Dale R. Corson, Kenneth Ross MacKenzie, & Emilio Segrè)
Radon (Rn) – 1900 (Friedrich Ernst Dorn)
Francium (Fr) – 1939 (Marguerite Perey)
Radium (Ra) – 1898 (Marie Curie & Pierre Curie)
Actinium (Ac) – 1899 (Friedrich Oskar Giesel)
Thorium (Th) – 1828 (Jöns Jakob Berzelius)
Protactinium (Pa) – 1913 (Kasimir Fajans & Oswald Helmuth Göhring)
Uranium (U) – 1789 (Martin Heinrich Klaproth)
Neptunium (Np) – 1940 (Edwin McMillan & Philip Abelson)
Plutonium (Pu) – 1940 (Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph W. Kennedy, & Arthur Wahl)
Americium (Am) – 1944 (Glenn T. Seaborg & colleagues)
Curium (Cm) – 1944 (Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, & Albert Ghiorso)
Berkelium (Bk) – 1949 (Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, & Stanley G. Thompson)
Californium (Cf) – 1950 (Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, & colleagues)
Einsteinium (Es) – 1952 (Albert Ghiorso & colleagues, discovered in debris of a hydrogen bomb test)
Fermium (Fm) – 1952 (Albert Ghiorso & colleagues, discovered in hydrogen bomb test debris)
Mendelevium (Md) – 1955 (Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, & Bernard G. Harvey)
Nobelium (No) – 1958 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, USSR)
Lawrencium (Lr) – 1961 (Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon Larsh, & Robert M. Latimer)
Rutherfordium (Rf) – 1964 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, USSR; independently confirmed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA)
Dubnium (Db) – 1967 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, USSR; independently confirmed in 1970 at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory)
Seaborgium (Sg) – 1974 (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA)
Bohrium (Bh) – 1981 (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Hassium (Hs) – 1984 (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Meitnerium (Mt) – 1982 (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Darmstadtium (Ds) – 1994 (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Roentgenium (Rg) – 1994 (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Copernicium (Cn) – 1996 (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany)
Nihonium (Nh) – 2004 (RIKEN, Japan)
Flerovium (Fl) – 1999 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia)
Moscovium (Mc) – 2003 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia & Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA)
Livermorium (Lv) – 2000 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia)
Tennessine (Ts) – 2010 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia & Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA)
Oganesson (Og) – 2002 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia & Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA)